The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 998 Words

The world is built around labels and categories. People get comfortable with their nice little boxes and wish to organize everything into their specific box. However, not everything is so simple. Not everyone is so black and white; in fact, no one is. Nobody stays the same either. Everyone is always changing and interacting with different people and engaging in different activities and making different choices. The reputation of a person, although changing in small ways, often doesn t change drastically, unless something drastic happens. An exquisite example of this is in the play The Crucible. Due to the extreme circumstances of the Salem Witch Trials people cling stubbornly to their reputations. During the time period the play was set†¦show more content†¦The reason she wishes for John Proctor is because she was once a servant in his household and they had an affair. When John s wife threw Abigail out, rumors spread about the reasons as to why she was thrown out. Abigail s ays that Elizabeth is a hateful woman who is making up lies about her. When her uncle pressures her further, she blames the household slave, Tituba, accusing her of witchcraft. This is so Abigail is seen as the victim and be pitied instead of scorned. Fearing he might lose his position as the church minister, Reverend Parris also goes to extreme measures to protect his reputation. Parris addresses Abigail about the dancing in the woods. I pray you feel the weight of truth upon you, for now my ministry s at stake ... He asks if they were dancing naked, because he saw a dress on the ground and a naked figure run by. Abigail denies her uncle s observation. He invites Reverend Hale to come to Salem to disprove the theory of witchcraft because he does not wish that reputation among his household. He allows for Abigail to continue with her charade and accuse innocent people. Even people who have good standings among the town and the church. In fact, he encourages it. He wishes to be rid of the people who are trying to go against the church or compete with him. Being a rather selfish character, he pleads with the courts to postpone the hangings, but simply because he now has proof that it was all a lie. You cannot The Crucible By Arthur Miller - 998 Words â€Å"I want the light of God, I want the sweet love of Jesus! I danced for the Devil; I saw him, I wrote in his book; I go back to Jesus; I kiss His hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil!† This is when Abigail Williams confesses to being a witch. This outburst shows the hypocrisy in Salem as well as ignorance towards the idea of the witch trials. Beginning with confessions of a meeting with the devil, continuing with declaring a reunification with Jesus, and ending with of course, accusing others of witchcraft. The false confessions favor the dishonest and are motivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literary technics suchs as allegory, imagery, and different forms of metaphors to create an extended and effective â€Å"story-telling† method that he used to convey his message. McCarthyism ties the play together, being the main theme of the play. McCarthyism is defined as the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without properShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1269 Words   |  6 PagesAt first glance, the playwright Arthur Miller in The Crucible highlights the historical significance of the Salem Witch Trials of 1692, but in fact it is an allegorical expression of his perception of McCarthyism. If the reader has some background information on Arthur Miller’s victimization as a communist, it is evident that the play is a didactic vessel illustrating the flaws of the court system in the 1950’s. The communist allegations were launched at government employees, entertainers and writersRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1681 Words   |  7 Pagesof their way to the last dying breath to make sure they leave with a good or bad reputation. In one of the recent literature study in class â€Å"The Crucible† by Arthur Miller, Miller uses characterization to illustrate reputation th roughout the play. â€Å"The Crucible† takes place in Salem, Massachusetts. It is based upon the Salem witch trails. In â€Å"The Crucible†, we journey through the life of three characters who reputations plays a major role in the play. The three characters are John Proctor, AbigailRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1333 Words   |  6 PagesAs the various characters in The Crucible by Arthur Miller interact, the dominant theme of the consequences of women’s nonconformity begins to slide out from behind the curtains of the play. Such a theme reveals the gripping fear that inundated the Puritans during the seventeenth century. This fear led to the famous witch-hunts that primarily terrorized women who deviated from the Puritan vision of absolute obedience and orthodoxy. Arthur Miller presents his interpretation of the suffering by subtlyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1145 Words   |  5 PagesUnbalance Through The Centuries In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, the author reflects the persecution of communists in America in the 1950’s through a recount of the Salem witch trials. It is often presumed that Miller based his drama directly off of events that were particularly prevalent in the years surrounding the publication of The Crucible- which was released in the year 1953, towards the conclusion of the Korean War. Although there was not a literal witch hunt occurring during this timeRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1063 Words   |  5 PagesIn the English dictionary, there are three definitions of the word crucible. One is a metal container in which metals are mixed and melted. Another is a severe test. But the third definition, and the one that I think fits the best for this book, is a place or situation in which different elements interact to create something new. In my mind, this fits because all of the characters had their little grudges and dirty secrets. But when all th ose seemingly little things interact, they formed somethingRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1285 Words   |  6 Pages Rationale, Morality, Stereotypes, Pressure, Self-Censorship, Unanimity, and Mindguards. Groupthink has also taken place in our history a a country. The play, The Crucible by Arthur Miller is about a the real-life Salem Witch Trials that happened in 1692 - 1693, in Salem, Massachusetts. Some symptoms of Groupthink found in the Crucible are Rationale, Pressure, and Self-Censorship. The Groupthink symptom, Rationale, is described as when victims of Groupthink ignore warnings: they also collectivelyRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller811 Words   |  4 Pages While The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is only a four act play, it still resembles the format of a five act play. The five-act structure evolved from a three-act structure, which was made famous by Roman Aelius Donatus. Donatus came up with three types of plays: Protasis, Epitasis, and Catastrophe. The five-act structure helped to expand the three act structure, mainly made famous by Shakespeare through his many tragedies. Even though The Crucible contains only four acts, it still has the commonRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1052 Words   |  5 PagesBuddy Al-Aydi Ms.Healy English 9 CP 14th October 2014 The Crucible Essay The Crucible was a novel written by Arthur Miller in the 1950’s. It was written in a format of the play, portraying an allegory of the Salem Witch-Hunts led by Senator Joseph McCarthy. The book is known to have a inexplicable plot. This plot is advanced by multiple characters in the book in order to ensure that the reader maintains interest with the material that is being read. The farmer, John Proctor, would be theRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller841 Words   |  4 PagesThe Crucible is a chaotic play, throughout this American classic Arthur Miller takes the reader through multiple events of terror and insanity. While creating a great on-stage play, Arthur Miller portrays his life through the events, the characters, and plot of The Crucible. Using vivid imagery and comprehensible symbolism, Miller manipulates the real personalities of the characters and events in 1600 Salem, Massachusetts to create a symbolic autobiography. Throughout this play, the reader experie ncesRead MoreThe Crucible by Arthur Miller1085 Words   |  5 Pagesopposes the will of the majority is a recurring feature of drama.† Identify such a conflict in a non-Shakespearean play you have studied and show how the dramatist deals with the implications for both the character and the society. Arthur Miller in ‘The Crucible,’ deals with the internal/external conflicts of protagonist John Proctor, during the witch trials of Salem; showing the effects of â€Å"an individual opposed to the will of the majority.† Through the mass hysteria caused by Abigail, corruption

Joe Tilsons Nine Elements - 1565 Words

A visually engulfing and diverse piece, Joe Tilson’s Nine Elements uses a wooden relief with acrylic, pearl and candy paint, to represent those elements that make up mass media pop culture. Tilson uses defined iconography that visually absorbs the viewer through its differentiation within the symmetrically structured borders of the wooden relief. It is a piece that allows the observer freedom to use the representative symbols of senses and concepts present in our every day life to take their own meaning of the piece. Joe Tilson’s Nine Elements, produced in 1963, is created on a massive scale at 259 cm in height and 182.80 cm across. It was purchased in 1983 by the Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art One, and has resided there since. Nine Elements consist of a wooden relief separated into a three-by-three matrix with paintings and wooden cut outs of everyday symbols representing abstract, sense and concepts, and three tower of flame above them painted using bright candy paint. As previously mentioned the objects depicted within the three by three grid represent conceptual elements of everyday life such as sight, sound, hearing, touch, time, and chance. The eye with glasses in the top left corner represents sight and to create this sense, Tilson, used a picture of his own eye as a model for his painting. By utilizing the media of photography, a tool that has the power to preserve in time (another one of his elements) our visual sense, he is commenting on the change in

Different Types of popular music. free essay sample

It was called this because its rhythm and timing sounded raggedy. Like improvisational jazz, this was one of the first types of jazz. It was played in cakewalks and was usually played with a piano. (3) Some of the great musicians who made jazz more popular are, Art Datum, Earl Hines, Joseph Lamb, James Scott, Scott Joplin, Hot Five and Louis Armstrong. Some of the jazz musicians of today are Kenny G and Rosemary Clooney. Jazz remains a rich and vital presence in the world of music today. The next type is country and western music.Country and western music was primarily produced by white Southerners beginning in the early 1 sass and came from the folk music of Southern Appalachia and is rooted in the folk ones of immigrants from Great Britain. (5) Some of the country music styles are Western swing, honk-ton, bluegrass, rockabilly, and new country. Although originally known by the derisive label hillbillys music, country has since moved into the popular music mainstream and gained wide international Most country music is based on the lyrics rather than the musical content. Allot of country music is based on the lives and experiences of ordinary people. They include things such as love, breaking up with someone, maybe even the artist themselves telling a story in there music of their younger days growing up. Some of the instruments that are used in country music are the fiddle, the banjo, the guitar, and the piano. (5) Some country artists of past are The Carter Family, Johnny Cash, Willie Nelson, Patsy Cline and Hank Williams. Some of the country artists of today are Alan Jackson, Brooks and Dunn, Shania Twain, and Kenny Cheney.One place known to all country music artists and musicians is The Grand Ole Pry, which is in Nashville, Tennessee. (5) Another type of music style is Rhythm-and-Blues Music or better know as RB. Jerry Waxier is credited with the term R This type of music laid the groundwork for rock roll. Early rock roll is basically blended with country western and pop influences. (6) During the ass, RB was dominated by vocalists like Ray Charles and Ruth Brown, as well as vocal groups like the Drifters and the The term R B was replaced in the sass by soul music and Mouton, but has re-emerged in recent years. In this context only the abbreviation RB is used, not the full expression. (6) Today there are some great R B artists as well, like Barry White, All-4-One, India Rare, Eureka Baud and Alicia Keys. Remains a crucial part of rock, soul, and rap. Rock music is next on the list of types of music. Rock music has dominated popular music in the West since about 1955. (8) Rock music started in the united States. The term rock music commonly refers to music styles after 1959 predominantly influenced by white musicians. (8) Disc jockey Alan Freed Was the one who introduced this music and later gave it the name Of Rock n Roll. The electric guitar is the instrument most associated with rock music. Another instrument is the electric bass guitar, which was introduced by Fender in 1951. (8) The drum set is used in rock music also. Rock-and-roll guitarist Chuck Berry established a style of playing in the late 1 sass that mains a great influence on rock music. (8)Jim Hendrix, Eric Clayton, and Carols Santa are a few more rock musicians.One of my favorite rock groups is The Rolling Stones. Closely connected with youth culture, rock music and musicians have helped to establish new fashions, forms of language, attitudes, and political views. However, rock music is no longer limited to an audience of teenagers, since many current listeners formed their musical tastes during the golden age of rock and roll. Similarly, while rock has historically encouraged new creative expressions, the innovations ofChuck Berry, Elvis Presley, Bob Dylan, the Beetles, and Jim Hendrix have defined a tradition to which successive generations of musicians have repeatedly turned for inspiration A special day in the history of rock music was February 7, 1 964; it was the day that a band called the Beetles that came from Liverpool, England to the United States. On February 11, 1964, the Beetles sang their first concert in the united States, at the Washington Coliseum. (12) The Beetles, one of the most popular rock and roll sensations in history, created frenzy in the U. S. As they became a model for rock and roll. The Beetles dominated the record industries and with their dominant instrumentation, which included, electric leads, rhythm, and bass guitar, drums and sometimes an electric organ, changed the name of Rock n Roll to just Rock. Rock music and society have mirrored each other since the bad boy image of Elvis Presley, through fads like the dance craze, and through the rebellious years of the counterculture. Rock and roll has been a key player in bringing differing cultures together; most predominantly, it began to bring white and black people together.Although it has not completely dissolved call intolerance, it has significantly blurred the lines separating us. Music, especially rock and roll is an open forum for all people to shout out their individual and varied viewpoints. It is a showcase of life and a reflection of society. (13) The last type of music I would like to touch on is rap, which is also known as hip-hop. Rap is defined as spoken words with an underlying rhythm section consisting of bass, drums, and occasional keyboard sounds. The words are spoken rhythmically, and accents in this speaking are very important.Hip Hop is considered the spouse of rap; it is essentially the background music, which accompanies the rapper. Raps roots can be traced to the following influences: Cab Galloway is known for his signature Hi-De-hi-De-hi-De-ho chant from Minnie the Moocher. Starting back in the 1 asss, Galloway used a call and response format with his audience, which is one of the foundations of rap. Other musicians who have utilized this technique, or have utilized a monologue-style in their music, include the following: Lou Rails, Charlie Daniels, Bob Diddled and Peter, Paul, and Mary.The Hip Hop subculture and rap music seemed to have originated in the united States in the Bronx. The iris rap record to make it big was Rappers Delight released by the Sugar Hill Gang on Saliva and Joey Robinsons Sugar Hill label. Run-D. M. C. Was the first black rap group to break through to a very white audience with their albums, Run-D. M. C and King of Rock. These albums led the way that rap would travel into the musical mainstream. Even though Run-D. M. C. Dressed as if they came right off the street corner, this was not the case. Run and D.M. C came from middle class families, they were never deprived of anything and they never ran with a gang. One could never tell this by their dress or room the raps, they made. As rap music evolved and became popular, women tended to be the targets of male rap lyrics and generally were not portrayed in a favorable light. Rap music producers also seemed to be hesitant to produce female rap artists. (9) David Twigging in his article, Not for Men Only; Women Rappers are Breaking the Mold with a Message of their Own, offers two reasons for this reluctance.One being rap producers were apprehensive about signing female rappers because they feared tampering with their proven formula of success of producing macho male rappers. The other being, rap producers did not feel hat female voices could supply the requisite loudness and abrasiveness that they felt was a major feature of rap music. (10) A New York City female rap trio by the name of Salt N EPA would provide the rap music industry with the incentive to produce more female rappers with the success of its debut album, Hot, Cool, Vicious, which sold over a million copies.Besides the fact that people like what they heard, Russell Simmons who was quoted in Thesiss article offers another explanation. Simmons stated, There are more women buying rap records who would like to relate to women artists ND there are more guys who want to he ar a womens point of view. (1 0) Salt N Pepper rapped over soul-tinged RB melodies with teasing, street- sway raps about maturity, independence from men, and sexual responsibility. Another female rapper, Minnie Love, tried not to be too serious with her rap messages.

Ethics and Professional Practices Profession

Question: Write about the Ethics and Professional Practicesfor Profession. Answer: Introduction to Ethics and Reasoning Ethics is an essential part of any profession. The business ethics, along with the personal ethics needs to be followed. Considering the case study of targeting a broken heart, people have the tendency to post the stories of the breakup on the social networking sites such as Facebook (University, 2017). In a recent study on how the online behaviour of the people gets affected on their breakup moments has revealed the fact that people tend to post their personal issues and the reasons of their breakup (Berry, 2013). There is often a gap between the breakup and the Facebook post announcing the breakup. However, Facebook uses data mining and displays certain advertisements, targeting the broken and weak heart (Cohen, 2016). However, the people having recent breakup tends to get attracted to those offers made in the advertisements, committing various mistakes. On the part of the company, Facebook, it is unethical to take advantage of the weaknesses. However, since Facebook uses data mining and other technology to offer its users relevant advertisements and offers made based on their recent posts, hence it cannot be called unethical. This is because, Facebook does not have the intelligence to judge the emotional turmoil of the person and hence it cannot judge whether to exploit the weakness of the people or not. Professionalism and Information Communication Technology Professionalism is one of the basic ethical considerations that a person or a company needs to have, while engaging in a business. It refers to the ethics and competencies that is expected of a professional person or company. In the case study of Facebook targeting the weak heart, lack of professionalism has been seen. This is because, the information technology on which the company works has artificial intelligence (DeMartino McCloskey, 2016). However, the artificial intelligence is not smart enough to judge whether to target the weak heart or not. Thus, the company needs to upgrade its software and technology such that information communication technology could be used in an efficient manner. Professionalism needs to be incorporated while designing the technology on which Facebook works. Moreover, as seen in the case study of Machado, he was the first person who was convicted at the age of 19 years, for sending life threatening hate mails to 56 Asian students ("Machado Case Materi als", 2017). This is an example of utter misuse of the information technology and communication. Email is one of the most widely used information technology system for communication (Dent Whitehead, 2013). This was misused by Richard Machado and had a deep social and ethical impact along with setting a wrongful example of misuse of internet and information technology and communication. The advent of information technology and communication is a boon to the society and needs to be used effectively by the people of the society. However, the misuse of the email, to send threatening mails to 56 Asian students was a clear misuse of the information technology and communication. Privacy and Intellectual Property in Cyberspace Intellectual property includes the copyrights and patents that give exclusive rights to the person to for the inventions or other intellectual properties. The lack of privacy or infringement of the intellectual properties in the cyberspaces include the copyright of the online articles, unauthorized use of online data, breach of data privacy, and entering into personal cyberspace (Hubman et al., 2015). Copyright infringement includes the unauthorized download of pirated softwares, games, music, movies. The data privacy needs to be protected and only authorized softwares and music should be used. Moreover, the privacy of each person needs to be respected in the cyber world, thus, maintaining the integrity of the individuals. Digital copyright violation is a crime and needs to be refrained from (Weckert Lucas, 2013). The business giants ensure that they do not exchange critical information in the cyber space, as the cyber space is vulnerable to authorized access and hacking. Thus, impo rtance has to be given to the protection of intellectual property on the cyberspace, along with avoidance of using pirated software and music. Protection of intellectual property is an ethical issue and each professional needs to protect the privacy of the users (University, 2017). However, it might be argued that, since Facebook is a social platform, and the users are sharing their private information in a public platform, hence the use of data mining for suggesting events is justified and not a violation of privacy or infringement of personal property in the cyberspace. Digital Divide and Cyber Ethics Cyber ethics is referred to as the study of the legal and social issues, involving the cyber technology. The cyber ethics incorporates the moral and social values in the cyber world. Cyber ethics is essential to be maintained while incorporating information technology and communication. In the case of Facebook targeting the broken heart, the cyber ethics is violated. Though Facebook is a business house and the advertisements and offers are presented with the motivation of earning money, however, the cyber ethics need to be maintained. It has been highlighted by the researchers, that the posts made by men, have phrases such as healing, drowning sorrow, days before they announce their breakup. However, the posts made by the women have these phrases on the actual announcement (Reddy Reddy, 2014). Hence, it is unethical that that Facebook mines its users posts and offer advertisements and offers taking the advantage of their weakness. In order to maintain cyber ethics, Facebook should a void mining into the posts of the users especially with certain keywords that is indicative of a breakup (Spahn, 2014). Moreover, when the status of a person is changed to single, with indicative posts, the suggestive advertisements need to be stopped. However, certain offers for therapeutic treatment and counselling might be given to the users, with the intension of relieving them of the trauma that they are going through. Cyber ethics will be maintained if the use of data mining is directed towards the well-being of the people undergoing a breakup phase. References Berry, D. (2013).Ethics and media culture: Practices and representations. CRC Press. Cohen, A. I. (2016). Ethics and Professional Practice. InPracticing Professional Ethics in Economics and Public Policy(pp. 237-244). Springer Netherlands. DeMartino, G. F., McCloskey, D. N. (2016).The Oxford handbook of professional economic ethics. Oxford University Press. Dent, M., Whitehead, S. (2013).Managing professional identities: Knowledge, performativities and the'new'professional(Vol. 19). Routledge. Hubman, J. M., Doyle, Z. B., Payne III, R. L., Woodburn, T. F., McDaniel, B. G., Giordano, J. V. (2015). Ethical Considerations in the Cyber Domain. InEvolution of Cyber Technologies and Operations to 2035(pp. 163-174). Springer International Publishing. Machado Case Materials. (2017). Computingcases.org. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://computingcases.org/case_materials/machado/machado_case_intro.html Reddy, G. N., Reddy, G. J. (2014). A Study of Cyber Security Challenges and its emerging trends on latest technologies.arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.1842. Spahn, T. E. (2014). Professionalism vs. Ethics.Experience,24, 47. University, S. (2017). Targeting a Broken Heart. Scu.edu. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from https://www.scu.edu/ethics/focus-areas/internet-ethics/resources/targeting-a-broken-heart/ Weckert, J., Lucas, R. (2013).Professionalism in the information and communication technology industry. ANU Press.

Western civilization

The modern scientific revolution view about the world replaced the existing medieval view. The scientific view of the world brought about modern understanding of human nature, physics, natural environment as well as biology. The medieval view of the world examined the globe using major realms of religion. Later, the new scientific view of the world pursued the concept that the universe was a stationary object that was located at the center of heavenly bodies (Sherman Salisbury 465).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Western civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More John Locke followed the foot steps of Newton’s perception of the natural world but he went further and presented a better understanding of the minds of human. According to Locke, human beings are born with a blank mind without any innate idea or thought on it and therefore any idea found in the minds of human beings are as a result of sensory input. According to Sherman and Salisbury, â€Å"Locke’s empirical psychology rejected the notion that human beings were born with innate ideas or that revelation was a reliable source of truth† (464). According to Locke, the mind of a human being is created when it comes into contact with external world. Hence, his view on the nature of human mind challenged the medieval view of the world on the existence of human mind being based on miracles and mere beliefs. In his scientific view of the world, Locke disputed the belief on origin of sin. According to him, all human beings have the ability to change their destinies and therefore he disputed the medieval view of the world that men cannot change their perceived destination ((Sherman Salisbury 446). The new scientific view of the world promoted critical thinking unlike the medieval view which failed to do so. In addition, no single aspect or theory can be accepted on the basis of superstition. Thus, the existing super stition on nature was replaced with much reliance on reasoning and the thought that the universe was governed by rational thinking and not elements of superstition. Hence, â€Å"†¦established religions were based on nothing but hope and fear. Reason demanded that people live with skeptical uncertainty rather than dogmatic faith† (Sherman Salisbury 465).Advertising Looking for essay on ancient history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, the new scientific view posited that nothing should be accepted on the basis of faith, superstitions and beliefs. The scientific view of the world came up with an objective truth that was used in carrying out experiments. According to scientific view of the world, individuals should use their logical and their reasoning to objectively and accurately explore the universe and not rely on superstition as the medieval view of the world did (Sherman Salisbury 467). The new sci entific view theorized the universe as a stable entity and instability could only be caused by disturbance of the universal machine. For instance, Sherman and Salisbury observe that â€Å"optimistic intellectuals pushed for reform and change using critical change and empirical reasoning to back their arguments† (465). Thus according to scientific view of the world, any instability should be avoided and emphasis should be placed on putting up measures to avoid any disturbance of the natural order (Sherman Salisbury 460). The new scientific view of the world welcomed the notion of order but discouraged disorder and thus disorder was avoided at all costs. Thus, plagues, earthquakes, storms and other threatening activities were seen as disruptors of natural order (Sherman Salisbury 459). The same view was held up by traditionalist who viewed the world as an entity created by God and therefore, the existing divine order should not be disrupted either by man or any other element. Therefore, both the new scientific view of the world and the medieval view perceived human behavior as not only disruptive but also disorderly. Hence, there was need to control both of these entities. Influence of enlightenment on traditional views and authorities The enlightenment was created by a set of intellectual and cultural transformations that took place in Europe. During the revolution period, European scholars and thinkers disputed the existing scientific beliefs that were put in place by the ancients and held up by the church. According to Sherman and Salisbury, â€Å"new information and arguments added weight to Bayle’s criticism of biblical authority† (467). For instance the geologists argued that the earth was there before and thus they disputed the biblical account the same. Science-the church altered their views towards science due to astronomers such as Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei. These astronomers questioned the existing truth on Aristotleâ €™s teachings and other truths that were accepted during that time in explaining the existence of the world and man. The works of Galilei in the field of inertia and physics and those of Kepler on the motion of earth changed the perception of the church and other authorities in the way in which they viewed the earth (Sherman Salisbury 467).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Western civilization specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, during the enlightenment period, astronomy, earth science, scientific revolution and physics among others experienced new methods of scientific exploration. The enlightenment further influenced the culture, politics and scientific milestones. In conclusion, the medieval view of the world applied the realm of religion to explain existence of the world. Everything was tied up on God as the provider and creator of the universe. In addition, medieval age was laced with belief in su perstition and miracles. However, the new scientific view of the world maintained that the existence of the universe can only be explained using critical thinking and not belief system and faith. The new scientific view also believed that the existence of the earth should only be explained using the realm of truth and reality which should be objective in nature. On the other hand, the element of enlightenment influenced greatly the traditional views and authorities in quite a number of ways. Works Cited Sherman, Dennis Salisbury, Joyce. New world of reason and reform. Boston: McGraw-hill, 2004. This essay on Western civilization was written and submitted by user Melissa Buck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sample Argumentative Essay With Data on Psychology of Politics

Sample Argumentative Essay With Data on Psychology of PoliticsA sample argumentative essay with data on the psychology of politics is very important for those who want to play the game of politics and win in it. There are many cases where a potential politician just does not know what to do, even though he or she might have been interested to learn all that is needed to be successful in politics.For example, a candidate might think that he has come up with a great policy for fighting crime but he just cannot accept the fact that it is not popular with the general public. Therefore, it would be best if he or she would consult with the professional psychologists and other experts on the psychology of politics and put forward his idea on how to use this innovative policy. This will definitely boost his position in the political race.It is better if the candidate would bring out the data on the issue so that the readers can see and judge his or her point of view clearly. As long as the r eader can see the evidence behind his or her point of view, the popularity rating of the idea would go up.It is better if the candidate was able to impress the audience by coming up with an impressive argument about the topic. It is also better if the candidate is able to throw out some insightful thoughts about the issues that are raised in the argument. That is how the candidates who are not aware of the exact problems of the people can keep them in the forefront of their minds.To draw attention to their ideas, a few words of concise and simple sample argument can be enough. However, they should be presented in such a way that will really benefit the people and get their attention.In these complex times, the government has become very strict and these samples are not allowed to be used in court, even in simple sample argument. But if the arguments are strong and presented in a creative way, then there will be no problem at all.When a politician is good at using these samples, then it is obvious that his or her position would become stronger among the readers. If the readers feel that the writer of the essay is able to come up with an interesting and relevant argument, then they will be interested in his or her comments and statements.The writers of the essays will also play a very important role in making the argument interesting. It is important that they are able to make the arguments intriguing so that the readers will not mind all the information that they have to know about the subject.

Analyse The Ethics Of Dark Tourism Tourism Essays

Analyse The Ethics Of Dark Tourism Tourism Essays Analyse The Ethics Of Dark Tourism Tourism Essay Analyse The Ethics Of Dark Tourism Tourism Essay The Anne Frank Organisation ( 2006 ) states that in 2004, 936,000 visitants visited the house that used to be Anne Frank s, a Judaic miss who among other Jews were murdered in the clip of Hitler s fascism. Among this timeframe, Auschwitz, a concentration cantonment based in Poland which became a symbol of race murder, yearly receives 750,000 visitants ( Yuill, 2003 ) coming near to the one-year 900,000 visitants to Dachau ( Lippard, 1999 ) . All these sites and many more which are similar, are what are called sites for dark touristry ( Lennon and Foley, 2000 ) , besides known as Thanatourism ( Seaton, 1996 cited in Ryan et Al, 2005 ) and Black Spots ( Rojek, 1997 ) . This signifier of touristry is what Seaton ( 1999 ) defines as sites and attractive forces that are associated with deceases, Acts of the Apostless of force, scenes of decease and offenses against humanity. With the popularity of this signifier of touristry turning within the horror touristry market ( Tunbridge and Ashworth, 1996 ) , the ethical issues environing it will necessitate to be questioned. With the consumers and suppliers taking portion in this growing of dark touristry, both their potentially contrasting ethical positions towards dark touristry may be different. Whereas a suppliers agencies of continuing history is to bear down people to keep its upkeep, the consumers may see it as money doing strategy in the disbursal of the asleep lives of the site. Whereas the suppliers agencies of allowing people know its history is through reading of vulgar images, may look unethically unsavory for consumers. Therefore, utilizing Stone ( 2006 ) s shades of darkness spectrum as a tool for mensurating different degrees of dark touristry sites, these two chief issues will be critically examined in deepness, and in both the consumers and suppliers point of positions to farther underst and the ethical quandary of dark touristry. Dark touristry has frequently raised ethical arguments about the ways in which leisure and pleasance are assorted with calamity ( Kempa and Strange, 2003 ) , as many people think some sites for dark touristry is excessively sensitive to show it for the universe to see. However, although this may be the instance, it really varies depending on the shade the site is providing. This has been supported by Stone ( 2006 ) in which he believes that non all dark touristry sites and its supplies have the same grade of darkness and moralss. Stone ( 2006 ) believes that each site and what it supplies has its ain grade of darkness, and depending on its standards ; it can be placed on what he refers as a darkest-lightest spectrum. On one side of the spectrum is what he termed lightest side of dark touristry. Sites belonging to this side of the spectrum tend to be to the full commercial suppliers such as the London Dungeon, which Stone ( 2006 ) besides term Dark Fun Factories , as its chief purpose may be more fiscal than educational. Stone ( 2006 ) further explains that although sites belonging to this side of the graduated table will be associated with decease and agony, it is non OF decease and agony. Therefore, sites at this lightest side will most probably be purposeful and amusement based, with a lower grade of moralss environing it. However, on the other terminal of the spectrum are the darkest side of the spectrum, in which its standard s are wholly the antonym of those on the lighter side. Stone ( 2006 ) explains that sites on the darkest side will be sites of decease and agony and its orientation will be to educate. Examples of these darker sites are which Wight ( 2005 ) category as primary sites, such as holocaust cantonments to sites of famous person deceases, as sites on this side of the graduated table will be seen as reliable and non purposeful, taking to a higher grade of ethical issues environing the sites at this side of the graduated table. One of these ethical issues is the impression of whether consumers should be charged to come in a site of decease and with so much history. In novitiates and consumers eyes, it could be seen every bit unethical as they may see it as a agency for suppliers to do net incomes in the disbursal of the asleep lives and history. Although this may be the instance on sites within the lighter shadiness of the spectrum as it may be strictly commercial, it is non ever the instance within the darker sites. Sites from the darker shade such as Auschwitz, the Gallipoli Anzac ( Slade, 2003 ) and Robben Island prison ( Shackley, 2001 ) are usually sites which are old and need continuous up maintaining and staff. With this uninterrupted care, sites will necessitate money to be able to go on to run its site and its historical contents. However, this besides leads to the issue of how much. If a site charges merely plenty to afford the care, so it may look just and ethical to make so. For illustration, harmonizing to Shackley ( 2001 ) , the prison in Robben Island which Dann ( 1998 ) elaborates as a Dungeon of Death attractive force, employs local people as tour ushers, and their mean hebdomadal pay is ?10, which is the same sum as the entryway fees. However, if the entryway fees were to duplicate, it will so be seen as net income devising, therefore, unethical as it is money doing in disbursal of the yesteryear. By bear downing its consumers, it may besides be a agency of commanding how many consumers enter the site, as mass ingestion of the site may take to consider sanctification and loss of original individuality of the site. Strange and Kempa ( 2003 ) agrees with this and farther provinces that the commodification of history for mass ingestion often leads to the trivialization of the site, and in bend causes deliberate sanctification of its history, every bit good as the loss of original intent of why the site was built. An illustration of this occurrence is shown in the site of Machu Picchu. Johnston ( 2006 ) explains how of all time since Machu Picchu was named a World Heritage Site in 1983, over 500,000 visitants started sing the site every twelvemonth, and to forestall calculated sanctification, an entryway fee of $ 20 was put up. This in bend non merely did non restrict the figure of foreign consumers from sing, but besides pushed the local people out of its ain heritage site as they could non afford the entryway fees. Johnston ( 2006 ) continues to explicate that this has contributed to the mass replacing of autochthonal people with tourers around the site, doing sanctification and trivialisation of the site, as the original civilization of Machu Picchu was gone. Despite all the motivations that the suppliers have for bear downing its consumers, its clearly shown that it needs to be managed expeditiously in order for it to work. Consumers who are devouring the merchandise as experience and integrating ( Ryan et al, 2005 ) may hold with the impression of bear downing as it may experience like they are giving back to the deceased lives and the history of the site. Lippard ( 1999 ) explains this as guilt stumbling in which consumers of this typologies may experience guilty of what happened in the past and may desire to lend towards the history in order to feed their scruples. Consumers devouring as experience and integrating ( Ryan et al, 2005 ) may be more sentimental than consumers that are devouring as drama ( Ryan et al, 2005 ) , as the typology of drama consumers will come from a Psychocentric ( Novelli et al, 2005 ) background in which they may see often to lighter sunglassess of dark touristry sites but seldom to sites of a darker shadiness. Elaborating from this, it could be possible that consumers devouring as drama may non be used to the dark history of the sites and may be shocked of its contents a nd backgrounds environing the darker sites, therefore, may welcome the sanctification of the sites but non the impression of bear downing. Frequent occurrences of this emotion tend to go on in what Ryan et Al ( 2005 ) called Grey touristry supply, in which Ryan et Al ( 2005 ) explains this theory as consumers with low, or no involvement and cognition in decease and calamity visits an intended dark touristry site. In this state of affairs, a consumer may non be cognizant of the dark historical contents of the site as they would non hold old cognitions due to its deficiency of involvement, but upon geting to the intended site and cognizing its Gore inside informations, they may immediately be repulsed and shocked. However, this is rare as Seaton ( 1999 ) believes that dark touristry is consumer demand instead than attractive force demand, explicating that if it was non from the high involvements and demand from the audience, there will non be the dark sector of touristry. To some extent, Seaton ( 1999 ) may be right and that the chief ground for the being of dark touristry could be from the high demands for dark touristry. However, for this to go on, the presentation of the sites may besides be blamed for the high popularity of dark touristry. This is because Walter et Al ( 1995 ) explains that even when consumers are interested in decease and calamities, for calamities to be given a existent significance, it needs to hold a context by account, and sometimes through the personal narratives of those people who has been caught up in it. This has been antecedently mentioned utilizing an illustration from one of the darker sites of Robben Island. Shackley ( 2001 ) states that the prison site in Robben Island located in South Africa, employs antique captives that used to be held at that place. These antique captives are now moving as circuit ushers for its consumers, repeatedly stating each group of consumers their ain personal experience of when they were held in the cells. Shackley ( 2001 ) continues to explicate that the emotional public assistance of the ushers had non been considered and many of the ushers felt obliged to go on with its employment due to miss of employment elsewhere. Although Walter et Al ( 1995 ) did explicate that consumers are interested in personal narrative relation, but ethically, should narratives every bit sensitive as this be told repeatedly and personally from the ain oral cavities of the ex captives? This may non merely be ethically incorrect, but besides morally incorrect. Blom ( 2000 ) agrees with this and states that reading every bit personal as this should be interpreted though engineering such as information points within the sites. However, despite this, suppliers within the darker sites may non see it in the same manner. Suppliers could reason that employees such as ex captives are acquiring paid and that they decide to be employed in this occupation function voluntarily. Suppliers could besid es reason that narrative stating from the oral cavities of people who have been caught up within the history of the sites are more dependable and executable than engineering. This may be because narratives that will be told from person who has really experienced and been at that place, may infact cut down the hyperbole of the contents of the history and narratives, every bit good as being less biased than if engineering was to state it. By construing utilizing engineering, there could be a high opportunity that the information recorded into the engineering is from person with no dealingss to the site, therefore, gives consumers incorrect information. Besides, this method of circuit ushers for reading may really foster profit both the suppliers and consumers, as if the consumers had to inquire a inquiry about the site and its history, it can be answered instantly by the circuit ushers, detaining the clip in which the consumers may organize its ain replies and opinions about the site. The positions of the darker site suppliers in using tour ushers may besides be the same for the positions for suppliers of the lighter shadiness of dark touristry, as it may be required and expected by consumers to hold person to steer through the igniter sites, e.g. the merriment mills ( Stone, 2006 ) . However, an deduction that can originate from this is that within the lighter shadiness of dark touristry, the circuit ushers may overstate the existent history and narratives behind the site in order to pull strings the consumers attending and promote repetition concern. Manipulation of consumers attending can besides be done by the motion of original objects. For lighter sunglassess of touristry sites to make this may be accepted, as antecedently mentioned before ; Stone ( 2006 ) explains that sites of a igniter shadiness tend to advance any stuffs in order to pull concern, therefore, pulling net incomes. However, if a site of a darker shadiness decides to make this, the fortunes will alter and it will go unethically incorrect. For illustration, Wight ( 2005 ) states that in Auschwitz, the celebrated signage that read Work will put you free was moved from its original place to a location near the terminal of the circuit to make a high point for consumers to make a controversial decision to the experience. This can be a signifier of use as Carnegie ( 2006 ) states that some sites do deliberately travel objects in order to construe the shows to incorporate cardinal, recognizable, emotional and generic truths to the local audiences. This raises an et hical quandary, as although suppliers may see nil incorrect with this as controversial decision may go forth its consumers experiencing the hurting and calamities of the past, but the moralss of this makes it unjust and inauthentic for its consumers. The chief intent in why consumers visit topographic points of dark touristry in the first topographic point is because they may desire to see the existent truth behind the sites first manus, and therefore travelled to the site to acquire this experience. However, when suppliers moves objects around to assist excite consumers heads, it is made unreal as it is non how the history says it was, but how the suppliers want it to be. By traveling objects, spots of history gets moved every bit good, and as clip moves on and cipher moves it back to its original topographic point, the beginning and spots of history of it are disregarded, therefore the calculated sanctification of some sites and the motion of sites within the shadiness spectrum. The phenomenon of dark touristry is a hard and delicate field to understand, but one facet of it that is most understood is that it is progressively turning in popularity, with 1000s of consumers flocking worldwide to see these sites of calamity. However, the moralss of sing sensitive sites such as these are besides turning, as inquiries such as whether to demo or non to demo, and whether to bear down or non to bear down are frequently questioned in both the suppliers and consumers point of positions. To demo these sites of calamities may do development of local people every bit good as calculated sanctification of the sites and its history, but to non to demo, our history may be denied to us. By understanding the ethicalities of dark touristry, it will assist in continuing its history and sites, so that it can so be better managed and better preserved and presented for the hereafter. This in bend reduces the hazard of development of the sites and the manner different typologies of consumers think. However, ethical issues do non halt at the evidences of the consumers and its suppliers, the sensitiveness of the circuit ushers are besides needed to be explored. As discussed antecedently, tour ushers such as ex captives are sometimes obliged to live over their experience repeatedly in order for consumers to cognize the history. Although this may be one of the effectual methods of stating history, it is of import to see the public assistance of these circuits ushers, as the insistent relation of their ain experience may in turn contribute to farther unethical quandary. Therefore, possibly to eventually reason on the moralss of dark touristry, it may be possible to province that ethical issues will ever go on to be around dark touristry, as long dark touristry itself exists excessively. However, the importance of the consideration of the ethicalities of dark touristry can non be understated, and both consumers and suppliers may desire to work together, if in the hereafter, we still would wish to cognize about our history through the signifier of touristry alternatively through text editions and instruction.